The average lifespan of a smartphone is only 2-3 years. With such high turnover of electronic devices, there are rising environmental and ethical concerns over their production and disposal.

Simple repairs and upgrades might encourage us to use our phones for longer. If one component breaks or degrades, it can be easily replaced. If you want a better camera, you simply swap the old for the new.

Treating the product as a service, the components are returned to the manufacturer to be recycled and reused within a closed-loop circular economy.